Cell Biology Flashcards

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cell membrane

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A flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell.

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cytoplasm

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A watery, gel-like substance made of mostly salt and water that provides a structure for the cell parts so they can move freely within the cell membrane.

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cell wall

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A stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms.

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protein

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A long chain of amino acid molecules; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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cellular respiration

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A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.

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chloroplast

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A membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis.

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nucleus

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The brain or control center of the cell. It helps the cell move, absorb nutrients, and reproduce. Contains DNA.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Type of organelle. It's a collection of tubes that make, package, and transport proteins and fats. The endoplasmic reticulum is a team player.

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vacuoles

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Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

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Golgi apparatus

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A cellular organelle that packages and sorts proteins and other molecules before they are sent to their final destination.