Study Guide III

Front

1. compare the nutritional requirement of the different groups of microorganisms

Back

1. CHEMOTROPHS vs PHOTOTROPHS

2. Chemotrophs - obtain energy from chemical reactions

3. Phototrophs - Organisms that use light as their primary energy source

5. AUTOTROPHS vs HETEROTROPHS

6. Autotrophs - produce their own food using inorganic carbon (CO₂) as a carbon source

7. Heterotrophs - cannot produce their own food; rely on organic compounds (from other organisms) for both carbon and energy

9. ORGANOTROPHS vs LITHOTROPHS

10. Organotrophs - obtain both carbon and energy from organic compounds.

11. Lithotrophs - obtain energy from inorganic compounds

Front

classify microorganisms according to their temperature, oxygen and pH requirement

TEMPERATURE

Back

Temperature:

Psychrophiles (cold temp - below 15 degrees)

Mesophile (moderate temp - 20-45 degrees)

Thermophiles (high temp - 45-80 degrees)

Hyperthermophiles (extremely high temp - above 80 degrees)

Front

classify microorganisms according to their temperature, oxygen and pH requirement

(OXYGEN)

Back

Aerobes

• -Obligate aerobes (must have oxygen)

• -facultative anaerobes (can grow with or without Oxygen)

Anaerobes

-obligate anaerobes (oxygen is toxic to them)

-aerotolerant anaerobes (can use O but do not use it for growth)

Microaerophiles (require low levels of Oxygen)

Front

classify microorganisms according to their temperature, oxygen and pH requirement

(pH requirement)

Back

• Acidophiles: Thrive in acidic environments (pH below 7).

• Neutrophiles: Prefer neutral pH (around pH 7), most common microorganisms.

• Alkaliphiles: Prefer alkaline environments (pH above 7)

Front

explain microbial metabolism, enzyme function, and regulation

Back

1.Microbial Metabolism - um of all chemical reactions in microorganisms to maintain life.

-includes catabolism (breaking down molecules to release energy) and anabolism (building molecules using energy)

2. 2.Enzyme function - biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions without being consumed.

3. - lower activation energy, enabling efficient biochemical processes

3. 3.Enzyme Regulation - Ensures metabolic processes occur efficiently without wasting energy or resources.