vi sinh 2

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Oxigenic phototrophs

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Organisms that produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, using water as an electron donor.

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Functional traits in divergent lineages

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Functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages.

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Carboxysomes

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Microcompartments in bacteria that contain enzymes for the Calvin cycle, allowing the conversion of concentrated CO2 into biomass.

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Acetogens

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Anaerobic organisms that produce acetate as the main product of their metabolism, important in carbohydrate metabolism of the human gut.

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Photosynthesis and chlorophyll

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Only organisms that perform photosynthesis usually produce chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.

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Horizontal gene transfer

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The process by which organisms exchange genetic material, allowing for the sharing of functional traits between divergent lineages.

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Calvin cycle

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A series of biochemical reactions in photosynthetic organisms that convert CO2 into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen, using substances other than water as electron donors.

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Bacteriochlorophyll

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A photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria, similar to chlorophyll but adapted to different light conditions.

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Phycoerythrin

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A red pigment found in some algae and cyanobacteria, used in photosynthesis.