Biology Flashcard

Front

What is the central dogma of genetics?

Back

The central dogma of genetics describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system: DNA > RNA > Protein.

Front

What is the process of converting DNA into mRNA called?

Back

The process of converting DNA into mRNA is called transcription.

Front

What are the three stages of transcription?

Back

The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination.

Front

What occurs to introns during the splicing process?

Back

During splicing, introns are removed from the pre-mRNA.

Front

How many common amino acids are proteins made of?

Back

Proteins are made of 20 common amino acids.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is the difference between exons and introns?

Back

Exons are the coding regions of a gene that are expressed, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA splicing.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain.