8.2 Cellular Structure

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Mitochondria are organelles that supply energy to the cell through the process of cellular respiration, converting nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Front

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Back

The cytoskeleton helps maintain the cell's shape, provides structural support, and is involved in cell movement and division.

Front

Where are proteins assembled in a cell?

Back

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes, which can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What unique features do mitochondria possess?

Back

Mitochondria have their own ribosomes and DNA, allowing them to produce some of their own proteins and replicate independently within the cell.

Front

What are ribosomes made of?

Back

Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they are essential for protein synthesis in all living cells.

Front

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Back

The primary energy currency of the cell is ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is produced by mitochondria.

Front

How do mitochondria contribute to cellular respiration?

Back

Mitochondria convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP through a series of metabolic pathways, including the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Front

What is the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes?

Back

Free ribosomes float in the cytoplasm and synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize proteins for secretion or for use in membranes.

Front

What is the significance of the double membrane structure of mitochondria?

Back

The double membrane structure of mitochondria creates distinct compartments that are essential for the processes of cellular respiration, including the electron transport chain.

Front

What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

Back

The cytoskeleton is composed of three main types of protein filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.