Mechanical, EM and light waves

Electromagnetic waves are waves that can travel through a vacuum and do not require a medium. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to travel through. Examples include sound waves and water waves.

Wavelength and frequency are inversely related; as the wavelength increases, the frequency decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is described by the equation: speed = wavelength × frequency.

A crest is the highest point of a wave, representing the maximum displacement of the medium from its rest position.

Gamma rays are produced by nuclear explosions and in stars, representing powerful energy.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, organized by wavelength and frequency, from radio waves to gamma rays.

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (or about 186,282 miles per second).

Transverse waves have oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel (e.g., light waves), while longitudinal waves have oscillations that are parallel to the direction of wave travel (e.g., sound waves).

Wave speed can be calculated using the formula: speed = wavelength × frequency.

The different types of electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.