USE DNA Fingerprinting flashcard

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles, which can be used in forensic science, paternity testing, and ancestry tracing.

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What type of DNA is passed from mother to offspring and is used to trace maternal lineage?

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Mitochondrial DNA is passed from mother to offspring and is used to trace ancestry through the female line.

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How can DNA evidence be used in paternity cases?

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DNA evidence can determine biological relationships by comparing the DNA profiles of the child and the alleged father to see if they share genetic markers.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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What is the significance of matching DNA samples in criminal investigations?

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Matching DNA samples can link a suspect to a crime scene, providing strong evidence of their involvement in the crime.

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Which bear species are most closely related based on DNA analysis?

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DNA analysis can reveal genetic similarities between species, helping to identify which bear species are most closely related.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

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What is the role of immigration officials in verifying familial relationships through DNA?

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Immigration officials may use DNA testing to confirm biological relationships, ensuring that individuals meet legal residency requirements.

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What are the two main types of DNA used in forensic analysis?

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Nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA are the two main types used in forensic analysis, with nuclear DNA being more commonly used for individual identification.

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What is the process of DNA extraction?

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DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from cells, which involves breaking down cell membranes and separating DNA from proteins and other cellular components.

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What is a DNA profile?

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A DNA profile is a unique representation of an individual's DNA characteristics, often used in forensic science to identify individuals.

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How does DNA variation contribute to individual uniqueness?

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DNA variation, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs), contributes to individual uniqueness by creating distinct genetic markers.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2