Environmental Science 2.1 Vocabulary

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Chemical Formula

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A short way to show what a substance is made of using symbols for its elements (like H₂O for water).

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

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Constant

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Something that stays the same in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

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The thing you measure or observe in an experiment to see if it changes.

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Electromagnetic Radiation

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Energy that moves in waves, like light, radio signals, or X-rays.

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Energy Quality

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How useful or concentrated energy is.

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Energy Transfer

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When energy moves from one place or object to another.

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First Law of Thermodynamics

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Energy can’t be created or destroyed; it just changes form or moves around.

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Flows or Throughputs

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How fast energy or materials move through a system.

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Hypothesis

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An educated guess or prediction you can test to see if it’s true.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

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Independent Variable

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The thing you change on purpose in an experiment.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2