Unit 4 - CNS Flashcard

Front

What is the function of the axon terminal in a neuron?

Back

The axon terminal is responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons or target cells by releasing neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Front

What type of neuron is characterized by having two processes (one axon and one dendrite)?

Back

Bipolar neurons are characterized by having two processes, one axon and one dendrite, and are often found in sensory pathways.

Front

What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Back

The myelin sheath insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses along the axon.

Front

What are the main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Front

What is a synapse?

Back

A synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, typically involving the release of neurotransmitters.

Front

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Back

Afferent neurons carry sensory information to the CNS, while efferent neurons transmit motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Front

What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Back

Glial cells support and protect neurons, provide structural support, and assist in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous system.

Front

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier?

Back

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream while allowing essential nutrients to pass through.

Front

What is the role of neurotransmitters in neuronal communication?

Back

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

Front

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Back

Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies and is involved in processing information, while white matter consists of myelinated axons and facilitates communication between different brain regions.