DNA Structure and Replication

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What base pairs with Adenine in DNA?

Back

Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A) through two hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds and separates the double-stranded DNA into single strands.

Front

What is the significance of the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?

Back

In the semi-conservative model, each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Front

What is gel electrophoresis used for?

Back

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

Front

What is the purpose of the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

Back

RNA primers provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis of the new DNA strand.