AP Biology Unit 3 Exam Review

Front

What is the role of the cytochrome complex in chloroplasts?

Back

The cytochrome complex is responsible for pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane, which is essential for creating a proton gradient used in ATP synthesis.

Front

What do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis produce?

Back

The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle.

Front

What does the Calvin cycle produce?

Back

The Calvin cycle produces G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.

Front

What happens if the cytochrome complex stops receiving electrons?

Back

No ATP will be generated, so the Calvin cycle will not be able to turn.

Front

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Back

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Front

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Back

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer, the total entropy of a closed system will always increase.

Front

What are the electron carriers in cellular respiration?

Back

The electron carriers in cellular respiration are NADH and FADH2.

Front

What is the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What is the significance of enzyme saturation?

Back

Enzyme saturation occurs when all active sites of the enzyme are occupied by substrate, leading to a maximum reaction rate.

Front

What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH is used as a reducing agent in the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.