Front

What are the components of the Working Memory Model (WMM)? Options: Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer, Sensory Memory, Short-term Memory, Long-term Memory, Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, Procedural Memory, Declarative Memory, Semantic Memory

Back

Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer

Answer explanation

The Working Memory Model (WMM) includes the Central Executive, which manages attention, the Phonological Loop for auditory information, the Visuospatial Sketchpad for visual data, and the Episodic Buffer that integrates information.

Front

What is a limitation of the Working Memory Model?

Back

It does not explain the process of long-term memory storage

Answer explanation

The Working Memory Model primarily focuses on short-term memory processes and does not adequately explain how information is transferred to long-term memory, making this a significant limitation.

Front

How does memory reconstruction influence eyewitness testimony?

Back

It can lead to inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony

Answer explanation

Memory reconstruction can distort an eyewitness's recollection of events, leading to inaccuracies in their testimony. This phenomenon highlights the unreliability of eyewitness accounts due to the malleability of human memory.

Front

What is one criticism of the Working Memory Model?

Back

It does not explain long-term memory

Answer explanation

One criticism of the Working Memory Model is that it does not explain long-term memory. While it focuses on short-term processes, it lacks a comprehensive account of how information is transferred to and retrieved from long-term storage.

Front

What is the Dual Process Model in cognitive psychology?

Back

A model describing two types of thinking.

Answer explanation

The Dual Process Model in cognitive psychology describes two types of thinking: System 1, which is fast and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow and deliberate. This model helps explain how we process information and make decisions.

Front

What is a strength of reconstructive memory?

Back

It allows for flexibility in memory retrieval.

Answer explanation

A strength of reconstructive memory is its flexibility in memory retrieval, allowing individuals to adapt and modify their memories based on new information or context, which can enhance understanding and recall.

Front

What does the Heuristics and Biases section primarily discuss?

Back

Anchoring Bias

Answer explanation

The Heuristics and Biases section primarily discusses cognitive biases, with a focus on Anchoring Bias, which affects decision-making by relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered.

Front

How does the Working Memory Model differ from the Multi-Store Model in terms of memory processing?

Back

The Working Memory Model emphasizes active processing.

Answer explanation

The Working Memory Model emphasizes active processing of information, unlike the Multi-Store Model, which describes memory as a linear flow through distinct stores without focusing on the active manipulation of data.

Front

Explain how cognitive biases like anchoring bias and confirmation bias can impact judgment and decision-making.

Back

They can lead to systematic errors in judgment.

Answer explanation

Cognitive biases like anchoring and confirmation bias can distort perception and lead to systematic errors in judgment, affecting decision-making across various contexts, not just financial ones.

Front

What is an example of the framing effect in decision-making? Options: Choosing a product based on its color., Preferring a "75% lean" meat over "25% fat" meat., Selecting a job based on its location., Deciding based on a friend's recommendation.

Back

Preferring a "75% lean" meat over "25% fat" meat.

Answer explanation

The framing effect occurs when choices are presented in different ways. '75% lean' emphasizes the positive aspect, making it more appealing than '25% fat', despite both descriptions being equivalent.