Intra- and Intermolecular Forces

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What are intermolecular forces?

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Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). They are weaker than intramolecular forces, which hold atoms together within a molecule.

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What is a Dispersion Force?

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Dispersion forces, also known as London dispersion forces, are weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles that occur when electron distribution around atoms or molecules fluctuates.

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What is Hydrogen Bonding?

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Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like N, O, or F) is attracted to another electronegative atom.

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What is a Dipole?

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A dipole is a molecule that has two poles, one positive and one negative, due to the uneven distribution of electrons. This occurs in polar molecules.

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What are Intramolecular Forces?

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Intramolecular forces are forces that hold atoms together within a molecule, such as covalent bonds and ionic bonds.

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What is the difference between Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces?

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Intramolecular forces are the forces within a molecule that hold it together, while intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules that affect their interactions and properties.

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Which molecules exhibit Hydrogen Bonding?

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Molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) exhibit hydrogen bonding.

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What is a Nonpolar Molecule?

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A nonpolar molecule is a molecule that has an even distribution of electrical charge, resulting in no distinct positive or negative poles.

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What is a Dipole-Dipole Interaction?

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Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

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What factors affect the strength of Intermolecular Forces?

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The strength of intermolecular forces is affected by factors such as molecular size, shape, polarity, and the presence of hydrogen bonding.