AP Biology Unit 3 Review

Front

What is the Krebs Cycle?

Back

The Krebs Cycle, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It produces CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Front

What are the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Back

The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are NADPH, ATP, and O2. These are generated in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Front

What role do NADH and FADH2 play in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that transfer electrons to the electron transport chain, which pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to ATP production.

Front

Where do the light reactions and Calvin cycle occur in the chloroplast?

Back

The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes, while the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Front

How does increasing the amount of enzyme affect a reaction rate?

Back

Increasing the amount of enzyme increases the reaction rate because more enzyme molecules are available to catalyze the reaction, leading to more product formation.

Front

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is formed as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.

Front

Define glycolysis.

Back

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Front

What is the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions and processes.

Front

Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

Back

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, and converts it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

Back

The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain is essential for ATP synthesis, as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, driving the conversion of ADP to ATP.