Cladograms and Phylogenetic Trees

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What is a cladogram?

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A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms, illustrating how they are related through common ancestors.

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What is a phylogenetic tree?

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A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, showing how species are related through evolution.

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What is taxonomy?

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Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

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What rank comes directly below Order in taxonomy?

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Family.

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What rank comes directly above Family in taxonomy?

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Order.

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What is a common ancestor?

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A common ancestor is an ancestral species from which two or more species have evolved.

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How do closely related organisms compare genetically?

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Closely related organisms have very similar DNA sequences.

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What is the significance of DNA sequencing in phylogenetics?

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DNA sequencing helps determine the genetic similarities and differences between organisms, aiding in the understanding of their evolutionary relationships.

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What are Saurischian dinosaurs?

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Saurischian dinosaurs are a group of dinosaurs that are more closely related to birds than to other types of dinosaurs.

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What is the difference between Saurischian and Ornithischian dinosaurs?

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Saurischian dinosaurs are characterized by their lizard-like hips and include theropods (like birds), while Ornithischian dinosaurs have bird-like hips and include various herbivorous dinosaurs.