AP Bio Review Evolution

Front

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Back

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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What do the branches of a phylogenetic tree represent?

Back

The branches represent the evolutionary pathways and relationships between different species.

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What is the significance of genetic diversity in populations?

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High genetic diversity allows populations to adapt to changing environments and withstand selective pressures.

Front

What are eukaryotic cells?

Back

Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.

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What is the approximate age of the Earth?

Back

About 4.6 billion years ago.

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What is the significance of the date 3.9 billion years ago in Earth's history?

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It marks the time when conditions on Earth became suitable for the emergence of life.

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What is natural selection?

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A process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

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Homologous structures are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous structures are similar due to convergent evolution.

Front

What is speciation?

Back

The process by which new and distinct species evolve from existing species.