Gas Laws

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What is the ideal gas law?

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The ideal gas law is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of a gas: PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.

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What is pressure in the context of gases?

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Pressure is the force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container, typically measured in units such as atm, torr, or mm Hg.

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How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

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To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature: K = °C + 273.15.

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What is Boyle's Law?

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Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature: P1V1 = P2V2.

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What is Charles's Law?

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Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin at constant pressure: V1/T1 = V2/T2.

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What is Avogadro's Law?

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Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules: V1/n1 = V2/n2.

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What is the combined gas law?

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The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws into one equation: (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2.

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What is the significance of the gas constant (R) in the ideal gas law?

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The gas constant (R) is a proportionality constant that relates the energy scale to the temperature scale in the ideal gas law, with a value of 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol) or 8.314 J/(K·mol).

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What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?

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Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas: P_total = P1 + P2 + P3 + ...

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How do you calculate the total pressure in a gas mixture?

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To calculate the total pressure in a gas mixture, sum the partial pressures of all gases present in the mixture.