Gene Expression: Transcription Translation Review

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the transcribed genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What base does RNA have instead of thymine?

Back

Uracil is the base in RNA that replaces thymine found in DNA.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.

Front

What does DNA code for?

Back

DNA codes for proteins, which are essential for various functions in living organisms.

Front

Where in the cell does protein synthesis occur?

Back

Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes, which can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is transcription in the context of gene expression?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Back

RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.

Front

What are ribosomes made of?

Back

Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.