Unit 3 - Design of a Study - Sampling Methods - Bias

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What is a Representative Sample?

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A sample that has the essential characteristics of the population being studied and is free of any type of bias.

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What is Wording Bias?

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When the wording of the question itself influences the response in a systematic way.

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What is a Confounding Variable?

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A variable that has an effect on the outcomes of the study but whose effects cannot be separated from those of the treatment variable.

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What is a Census?

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A procedure by which every member of the population is selected for a study.

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What is Quota Sampling?

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A method where the pollster attempts to generate a representative sample by choosing sample members based on matching individual characteristics to known characteristics of the population.

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What is Sampling Bias?

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A bias that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn.

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What is Nonresponse Bias?

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A bias that occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, leading to a sample that may not represent the population.

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What is a Stratified Sample?

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A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum.

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What is a Cluster Sample?

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A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected.

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What is a Systematic Sample?

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A sampling method where members of the population are selected at regular intervals.