AP- Cell Communication (4.1-4.4)

Front

What are plasmodesmata?

Back

Plasmodesmata are specialized cell junctions in plant cells that allow signaling substances and other materials to pass freely between adjacent cells.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A ligand is a signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein, initiating a cellular response.

Front

What type of signaling is exemplified by adrenaline released from adrenal glands?

Back

This is an example of long distance signaling, where hormones travel through the bloodstream to affect distant target cells.

Front

What are G protein coupled receptors?

Back

G protein coupled receptors are a type of membrane receptor that binds to polar, water-soluble ligands and activates intracellular signaling pathways.

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Gap junctions are specialized cell junctions in animal cells that allow signaling substances and other materials to pass freely between adjacent cells.

Front

What is the role of second messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of cell communication where a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells.

Front

What is the function of ligand gated ion channels?

Back

Ligand gated ion channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a ligand, allowing ions to flow across the membrane.

Front

What is direct signaling?

Back

Direct signaling occurs when cells communicate through direct contact, often via gap junctions or cell surface molecules.

Front

What is the difference between synaptic and long distance signaling?

Back

Synaptic signaling involves the transmission of signals across a synapse between neurons, while long distance signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream.