Induction & Deduction

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What is Inductive Reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a general conclusion is drawn from specific examples or observations. It involves looking for patterns and making generalizations based on those patterns.

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What is Deductive Reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is reached by applying general principles to specific cases. It starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.

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What does it mean for a statement to be 'Logically True'?

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A statement is considered 'logically true' if it is valid based on the structure of the argument, regardless of the actual truth of the premises.

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What does it mean for a statement to be 'Realistically True'?

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A statement is 'realistically true' if it accurately reflects reality or can be verified through observation or evidence.

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What is a common property of Inductive Reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning often leads to conclusions that are probable but not guaranteed. It may produce conclusions that are logically true but may or may not be realistically true.

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What is a common property of Deductive Reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning leads to conclusions that are logically valid and, if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

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Example of Inductive Reasoning: If all observed swans are white, what can we conclude?

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We can conclude that all swans are likely white, but this conclusion is not guaranteed.

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Example of Deductive Reasoning: If all humans are mortal and Socrates is a human, what can we conclude?

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We can conclude that Socrates is mortal.

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What is a logical fallacy?

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A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. It can occur in both inductive and deductive reasoning.

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What is the difference between Inductive and Deductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning makes generalizations based on specific observations, while deductive reasoning applies general principles to reach specific conclusions.