Unit 4 SOL Review: Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G).

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and produces messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template, translating it into a chain of amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine (T); RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil (U) instead of thymine.