Thursday 11/21/24

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What is a cladogram?

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A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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What does it mean for species to be closely related?

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Species that are closely related share a more recent common ancestor and have more similar genetic or physical traits compared to species that are more distantly related.

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What is DNA analysis in the context of cladistics?

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DNA analysis involves examining the genetic material of organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships and to construct cladograms.

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What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?

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The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within a cell that contains organelles and is the site of many cellular processes, including metabolism and cell division.

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What are organelles?

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Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions, such as energy production (mitochondria), protein synthesis (ribosomes), and waste processing (lysosomes).

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What is the difference between the cytoplasm and the nucleus?

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The cytoplasm is the material within the cell membrane excluding the nucleus, while the nucleus is the membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

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How can you identify the cytoplasm in a cell diagram?

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In a cell diagram, the cytoplasm is typically represented as the area surrounding the nucleus and organelles, often colored or shaded differently from the nucleus.

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

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The cell membrane is a protective barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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What is the significance of evolutionary trees in biology?

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Evolutionary trees, or phylogenetic trees, illustrate the evolutionary history and relationships among species, helping scientists understand how species have evolved over time.

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What is a common ancestor?

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A common ancestor is an ancestral species from which two or more species have evolved, indicating a shared evolutionary history.