Daily Review - Translation (Task 17)

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the appropriate codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is a ribosome?

Back

A ribosome is a molecular machine found within all living cells that performs the biological synthesis of proteins, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a building block of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

Front

What is a peptide bond?

Back

A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain.

Front

What does AUG codon signify?

Back

The AUG codon is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What is the role of stop codons?

Back

Stop codons signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons that correspond to specific amino acids.