MAAP BIOLOGY REVIEW

Front

What is the cell theory?

Back

The cell theory states that: 1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell; they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.

Front

Explain the role of enzymes in biological reactions.

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria), while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).

Front

Define homeostasis.

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Front

What is the significance of the DNA structure?

Back

The structure of DNA, a double helix, allows for the storage of genetic information and its replication during cell division, ensuring that genetic information is passed on to the next generation.

Front

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitotic phase (M phase), where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides.

Front

Explain the concept of natural selection.

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, leading to evolutionary changes over time.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.