Transcription, Translation

Front

What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

Back

A DNA molecule is structured as a double helix.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma is DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What process is described as the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Back

Transcription.

Front

What does every three-letter sequence in DNA code for?

Back

Every three-letter sequence (codon) in DNA codes for an amino acid.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, is double-stranded, and has thymine (T); RNA contains ribose sugar, is single-stranded, and has uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself before cell division.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.