Flashcard 4.2 - Protein Synthesis & Mutations Review

Front

What is a nonsense mutation?

Back

A type of point mutation that changes a codon to a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What does the root 'ase' signify in biological terms?

Back

It means 'enzyme', indicating a protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

Front

Are all mutations harmful?

Back

No, not all mutations are harmful; some can be neutral or even beneficial.

Front

What does the root 'trans' mean?

Back

It means 'across', often used in terms like 'transcription'.

Front

What is the RNA sequence synthesized from the DNA code GATTACA?

Back

CUAAUGU.

Front

What is a missense mutation?

Back

A point mutation that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.