AP Chemistry -Unit 2 - Thou Shall Not Forget

Front

What is an interstitial alloy?

Back

An interstitial alloy is formed when small atoms fill the spaces (interstices) between larger metal atoms in a metallic lattice, enhancing strength and hardness.

Front

What is the hybridization of oxygen in CO₂?

Back

The hybridization of oxygen in CO₂ is sp², indicating that one s and two p orbitals mix to form three sp² hybrid orbitals.

Front

What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and chlorine?

Back

The bond between hydrogen and chlorine is a polar covalent bond due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms.

Front

What is the shape of a trigonal pyramidal molecule?

Back

A trigonal pyramidal molecule has a central atom bonded to three other atoms and has one lone pair, resulting in a pyramid-like shape.

Front

Why are asymmetrical molecules polar?

Back

Asymmetrical molecules are polar because their dipoles do not cancel out, leading to a net dipole moment.

Front

Define substitutional alloy.

Back

A substitutional alloy is formed when some of the atoms in the original metal are replaced by other atoms of similar size, maintaining the overall structure.

Front

What is the significance of hybridization in molecular geometry?

Back

Hybridization explains the shape of molecules by describing how atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals that dictate bond angles and geometry.

Front

What is a polar covalent bond?

Back

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Front

What is the VSEPR theory?

Back

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts the shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom.

Front

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Back

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.