Molecular Biology Review

Front

What are enzymes?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which is essential for the protein's structure and function.

Front

What are nucleic acids?

Back

Nucleic acids are molecules that store and transmit genetic information in the form of coded messages, including DNA and RNA.

Front

What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Back

Enzymes have optimal temperature ranges where they function most effectively; extreme temperatures can denature enzymes.

Front

What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Back

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range; deviations can reduce enzyme activity or denature the enzyme.

Front

What happens in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration?

Back

In the presence of oxygen, mitochondria produce ATP through the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Front

What happens in the mitochondria during anaerobic respiration?

Back

In the absence of oxygen, mitochondria produce limited ATP and may lead to lactic acid or ethanol production.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis where mRNA is translated into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.