Biology STAAR Review

Front

What is Translation in biology?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. It involves decoding the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain.

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What does 'semiconservative' mean in DNA replication?

Back

Semiconservative means that during DNA replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one old (template) strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Front

What occurs during the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

Back

During the G2 stage, the cell prepares for mitosis by ensuring that DNA has been replicated correctly and by producing proteins necessary for cell division.

Front

Define Passive Transport.

Back

Passive Transport is the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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What is a hypertonic solution?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to the movement of water out of cells, causing them to shrink.

Front

What is Mitosis?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Front

What is DNA Replication?

Back

DNA Replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, resulting in two identical copies of the DNA molecule.

Front

What is the role of the nucleolus during the cell cycle?

Back

The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

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What is Active Transport?

Back

Active Transport is the movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (usually in the form of ATP) to move substances from low to high concentration.

Front

What happens during Transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.