Genetics

Front

What is Trisomy 21?

Back

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental and physical challenges.

Front

What type of mutation is caused by nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is a type of mutation that occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of genetic mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering the resulting protein.

Front

Define recessive allele.

Back

A recessive allele is an allele that must be present in two copies (homozygous) for the trait to be expressed in the phenotype.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.

Front

What is gene translocation?

Back

Gene translocation is a mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome, potentially disrupting gene function.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

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Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base pair in the DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide base pairs are added into a DNA sequence, potentially altering the reading frame of the gene.

Front

What is deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation is a type of mutation where one or more nucleotide base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence, which can disrupt gene function.