Four Laws of Thermodynamics

Front

What is an exothermic reaction?

Back

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy, usually in the form of heat.

Front

In which direction does heat flow?

Back

Heat flows from hot to cold.

Front

What happens to the pressure in two identical jars filled with gas when one has more molecules?

Back

The jar with more molecules has greater pressure.

Front

What happens to entropy as a substance changes from solid to liquid to gas?

Back

Entropy increases because molecular disorder increases.

Front

What occurs to particles of a substance when thermal energy is added?

Back

The particles move more rapidly and at an increased distance from each other.

Front

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Back

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Front

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about energy transfer?

Back

The Second Law states that energy transfer increases the entropy of a system.

Front

Define thermal equilibrium.

Back

Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in thermal contact no longer exchange energy, meaning they are at the same temperature.

Front

What is the significance of absolute zero in thermodynamics?

Back

Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system's entropy reaches its minimum value, and molecular motion stops.

Front

Explain the concept of heat capacity.

Back

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius.