H DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Review

Front

What are changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information called?

Back

Mutations

Front

What type of bond connects the phosphates and the sugars of nucleic acid backbones?

Back

Covalent bonds

Front

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA to unzip the DNA strands?

Back

Helicase

Front

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

Back

CHONP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus)

Front

Which enzyme seals Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?

Back

Ligase

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' to 3' direction in DNA replication?

Back

DNA strands are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.