Review 2A for the Final Exam

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What is correlation in statistics?

Back

Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together. A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other also tends to increase.

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What is a confounding variable?

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A confounding variable is an outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable. It can lead to a false assumption about the relationship between the variables.

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What is the importance of random sampling?

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Random sampling is crucial because it ensures that every individual has an equal chance of being selected, which helps to eliminate bias and allows for the generalization of results to the larger population.

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What is convenience sampling?

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Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.

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What does it mean for a survey to be biased?

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A survey is biased if the sample does not accurately represent the population, leading to skewed results that do not reflect the true opinions or behaviors of the entire group.

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What is the significance of sample size in surveys?

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A larger sample size generally increases the reliability of survey results, as it reduces the margin of error and provides a more accurate representation of the population.

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What is a regression line?

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A regression line is a straight line that best represents the data on a scatter plot, showing the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

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What is the difference between correlation and causation?

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Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation implies that one variable directly affects the other. Correlation does not imply causation.

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What is a lurking variable?

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A lurking variable is a variable that is not included in the analysis but affects the relationship between the variables being studied, potentially leading to misleading conclusions.

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What is the purpose of conducting an experiment?

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The purpose of conducting an experiment is to establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating one variable to see how it affects another variable.