AP Bio Metabolism review

Front

What is an endergonic reaction?

Back

An endergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy, resulting in a positive change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG > 0) and is nonspontaneous.

Front

What is activation energy?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Front

How do enzymes function in chemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes increase the speed of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary molecule responsible for powering cellular processes.

Front

What does the second law of thermodynamics state?

Back

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy of a closed system can never decrease; it always increases.

Front

Define metabolism.

Back

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including catabolism and anabolism.

Front

What is catabolism?

Back

Catabolism is the metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process.

Front

What is anabolism?

Back

Anabolism is the metabolic process that builds larger molecules from smaller units, requiring energy input.

Front

What role do coenzymes play in enzymatic reactions?

Back

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions, often by acting as carriers for chemical groups.

Front

What is the difference between spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions?

Back

Spontaneous reactions occur without external energy input (ΔG < 0), while nonspontaneous reactions require energy input (ΔG > 0).