Protein Synthesis, Meiosis, and Gene Expression Review

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA.

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What are the two main stages of Protein Synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

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Define Transcription in the context of Protein Synthesis.

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is Translation in Protein Synthesis?

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The process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

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What is Meiosis?

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A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

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How does Meiosis differ from Mitosis?

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Meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells, while Mitosis results in two identical cells.

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What is the S phase of the cell cycle?

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The phase in which DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.