Protein Synthesis

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What does AUG signify in mRNA?

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AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is Translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

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What is Transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

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What is an Amino Acid?

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The building blocks of proteins, each defined by a specific codon in mRNA.

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What is a Stop Codon?

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A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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How many amino acids are there?

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There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins.

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What is the role of Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The framework that describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.