AP Biology: Cell Communication

Front

What is a gated ion channel?

Back

A type of transmembrane receptor that opens or closes in response to specific stimuli, allowing ions to flow across the membrane.

Front

What happens to the intracellular domain of a receptor protein after a ligand binds?

Back

It changes shape, initiating the transduction of the signal.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell converts a chemical signal into a cellular response.

Front

Where can receptors for signal molecules be found?

Back

They may be embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A molecule that binds to a specific receptor to initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the role of a receptor in cell communication?

Back

To bind to ligands and initiate a response within the cell.

Front

What is a mutation in the receptor gene?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence of a receptor that can affect its function, such as altering the ligand binding site.

Front

What is the difference between a ligand and a precursor ligand?

Back

A ligand is the active form that binds to receptors, while a precursor ligand is an inactive form that must be modified to become active.

Front

What is the significance of the shape of a receptor?

Back

The shape of a receptor determines its ability to bind to specific ligands and initiate a response.

Front

What is the function of protein kinases in cell signaling?

Back

They are enzymes that modify other proteins by adding phosphate groups, often leading to a change in activity.