AP Bio Unit 4 MC - CollegeBoard

Front

What is the function of hydrophilic peptide hormones?

Back

Hydrophilic peptide hormones are signaling molecules that are released into the bloodstream and target specific cells with the appropriate receptors, facilitating communication and regulation of physiological processes.

Front

What is the role of the cell cycle in cell division?

Back

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It includes stages such as G1, S (synthesis), G2, and M (mitosis), ensuring proper DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells.

Front

What is the significance of the tumor suppressor protein p53?

Back

p53 is crucial for regulating the cell cycle and preventing cancer. It activates genes that promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage, thus preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Front

What are plasmodesmata and their primary function in plant cells?

Back

Plasmodesmata are narrow channels that connect adjacent plant cells, allowing the movement of molecules and facilitating communication between cells.

Front

What is the effect of a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)?

Back

A mutation causing EGFR to be active without a growth factor can lead to increased cell division, potentially resulting in tumor formation.

Front

Define apoptosis and its importance in cellular processes.

Back

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells, maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing cancer.

Front

What is signal transduction and its role in cellular communication?

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals (like hormones) through a series of molecular events, leading to a cellular response.

Front

Explain the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Back

The G1 phase is the first stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, synthesizes proteins, and prepares for DNA replication.

Front

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set.

Front

Describe the role of receptors in cellular signaling.

Back

Receptors are proteins on the cell surface or inside the cell that bind to signaling molecules (ligands), initiating a response that alters cellular activity.