AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events, leading to a cellular response.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a signal transduction pathway.

Front

What happens when a ligand binds to its receptor?

Back

The receptor undergoes a conformational change, activating the signal transduction pathway.

Front

What is the role of cyclin in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclin binds to cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs) to regulate the progression of the cell cycle.

Front

What is anaphase in cell division?

Back

The stage in mitosis where sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What triggers the release of glucagon?

Back

Low cellular ATP concentration, indicating that the body needs more energy.

Front

What is the function of CdK?

Back

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs) are enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, drive the cell cycle forward.

Front

What is gene expression?

Back

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.

Front

What is the significance of phosphorylation in signal transduction?

Back

Phosphorylation is a key mechanism that activates or deactivates proteins, thereby regulating cellular activities.

Front

What are kinetochores?

Back

Protein structures on the chromosome that attach to spindle fibers during cell division to help separate sister chromatids.