Rhetoric and faulty reasoning

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Argument

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Expresses a position on an issue and then attempts to support that position.

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Red herring

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Brings up a topic to distract from the real topic.

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Rhetorical question

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A question that does not require an answer.

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Reason

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An explanation that supports the claim.

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Straw man

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Misstating an opposition's position so it is easy to attack.

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Claim

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A statement that asserts something to be true.

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Fallacy

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A flaw in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.

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Ad hominem

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Attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.

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Slippery slope

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Arguing that a small first step will lead to a chain of related events culminating in a significant impact.

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Circular reasoning

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When the conclusion of an argument is used as a premise.