Natural Selection & Evolution

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What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is the process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual evolution of species.

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What are Homologous Structures?

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Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry, even though they may serve different functions.

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What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

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Evidence for evolution includes fossil records, comparative anatomy, genetic similarities, and observed evolutionary changes in species.

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What is the significance of pelvic bones in baleen whales?

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The presence of pelvic bones in baleen whales indicates that they evolved from four-legged ancestors, even though they no longer use these bones for locomotion.

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How does overfishing affect fish populations?

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Overfishing can lead to a decrease in the average body size of fish populations, as larger individuals are selectively caught, reducing their representation in the gene pool.

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What is the role of genetic variation in evolution?

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Genetic variation provides the raw material for natural selection, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.

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What is an example of adaptive evolution?

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An example of adaptive evolution is the light-colored moths becoming more successful in environments where tree bark is lighter due to pollution control.

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What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

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Natural selection occurs through environmental pressures, while artificial selection is driven by human choices in breeding.

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What is a common misconception about evolution?

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A common misconception is that evolution is a linear process; in reality, it is a branching process with many species evolving from common ancestors.

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What is the importance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?

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The fossil record provides evidence of past life forms and shows how species have changed over time, supporting the theory of evolution.