Mendelian genetics

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., Rr, nn).

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype (e.g., having freckles, being green).

Front

What does it mean if an allele is dominant?

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype (e.g., G in Gg).

Front

What does it mean if an allele is recessive?

Back

A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype (e.g., g in gg).

Front

What is a hybrid organism?

Back

A hybrid organism has two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Cc, where C is dominant and c is recessive).

Front

What is a homozygous organism?

Back

A homozygous organism has two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., MM or mm).

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

Front

If a plant with genotype Gg is crossed with a plant with genotype gg, what percent of the offspring will be green?

Back

50% of the offspring will be green.

Front

What is the law of segregation?

Back

The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

Front

What is the law of independent assortment?

Back

The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.