STAAR Biology Category 2 Review

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What is CRISPR-Cas9?

Back

A genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism, allowing scientists to add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

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How can scientists control gene expression using CRISPR-Cas9?

Back

By activating or deactivating specific genes.

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What does mRNA stand for?

Back

Messenger RNA, a molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the significance of the Himalayan rabbit's fur color?

Back

The fur color changes based on temperature, demonstrating how environmental factors can influence gene expression.

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What is a genotype?

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by alleles (e.g., HH, Hh, hh).

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What is a recessive disorder?

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A genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has two copies of a recessive allele (e.g., hh).

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How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

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Human gametes have 23 chromosomes.

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What is the role of tRNA?

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Transfer RNA, which helps decode mRNA into a protein by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains the genetic blueprint, while RNA is single-stranded and plays a role in protein synthesis.

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What is gene expression?

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The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein.