Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a protein, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein synthesis and potentially cause diseases.

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What are amino acids?

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The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.

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How many amino acids are coded by a sequence of nucleotides?

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Each codon (three nucleotides) codes for one amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon?

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AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the start of protein synthesis.