Biology Category 2

Front

What is the cell theory?

Back

The cell theory states that: 1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell; they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used as a source of chemical energy for cellular processes.

Front

Explain the role of enzymes in biological reactions.

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria), while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).

Front

Define homeostasis.

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the significance of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane is a selective barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment.

Front

Describe the process of cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

Front

What are the stages of mitosis?

Back

The stages of mitosis are: 1) Prophase, 2) Metaphase, 3) Anaphase, 4) Telophase, followed by cytokinesis.