🧩🔁🎯U8 (Probability) Flashcardizz Review

Front

What is the union of two sets A and B?

Back

The union of two sets A and B, denoted as A ∪ B, is the set of elements that are in A, in B, or in both. For example, if A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and B = {2, 3, 5, 7}, then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}.

Front

What is the probability of an event?

Back

The probability of an event is a measure of the likelihood that the event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1. For example, if the probability that a person surveyed is an electrical engineer who likes math is 0.165, it means there is a 16.5% chance of this event occurring.

Front

What is the complement of a set A?

Back

The complement of a set A, denoted as A', is the set of all elements in the universal set U that are not in A. For example, if U = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} and A = {0}, then the complement of A is A' = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4}.

Front

How do you calculate conditional probability?

Back

Conditional probability is the probability of an event A given that another event B has occurred, denoted as P(A|B). It is calculated using the formula P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B). For example, if the probability that a randomly selected student prefers athletics given that they prefer math is \(\frac{2}{9}\), it indicates the likelihood of preferring athletics among math-preferring students.

Front

What is a combination in probability?

Back

A combination is a selection of items from a larger set where the order does not matter. The number of ways to choose k items from n items is given by the formula C(n, k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!). For example, if Ashley can choose 3 pies from 8, the number of combinations is C(8, 3) = 56.

Front

What does the symbol ∪ represent in set theory?

Back

The symbol ∪ represents the union of two sets, which combines all unique elements from both sets. For example, if A = {1, 2} and B = {2, 3}, then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3}.

Front

What does the symbol ∩ represent in set theory?

Back

The symbol ∩ represents the intersection of two sets, which includes only the elements that are common to both sets. For example, if A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4}, then A ∩ B = {2, 3}.

Front

What is the universal set?

Back

The universal set, denoted as U, is the set that contains all possible elements relevant to a particular problem or discussion. For example, if U = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, it includes all integers from -4 to 4.

Front

What is the formula for calculating probability?

Back

The probability of an event is calculated using the formula P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes. For example, if there are 3 favorable outcomes out of 20 total outcomes, the probability is P(E) = 3/20.

Front

What is a sample space in probability?

Back

A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. For example, if you flip a coin, the sample space is S = {Heads, Tails}.