Stats Ch 4 Sampling and Experiment Design

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What is stratified sampling?

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A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum.

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What is voluntary response sampling?

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A sampling method where individuals can choose to participate, often leading to biased results.

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What is a response variable in an experiment?

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The outcome that is measured to assess the effect of treatments.

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What is cluster sampling?

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A sampling technique where entire groups (clusters) are selected at once, rather than individuals.

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What is convenience sampling?

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A sampling method that involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach, which may not represent the population.

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What is systematic sampling?

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A sampling method where you select every nth individual from a list or sequence.

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What is a lurking variable?

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A variable that is not included in the study but affects the outcome.

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What is the difference between a sample and a population?

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A sample is a subset of a population, which is the entire group being studied.

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What is the purpose of random sampling?

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To ensure that every individual has an equal chance of being selected, reducing bias.

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What is an observational study?

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A study where researchers observe outcomes without manipulating variables.