Central Dogma and Mutations

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

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What is transcription in the context of the Central Dogma?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

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What is translation in the context of the Central Dogma?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA, translating the sequence of nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can affect how genes function and can lead to changes in the resulting protein.

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What is a point mutation?

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A point mutation is a type of mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted from a sequence of DNA.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame of the codons.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A silent mutation is a type of point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

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What are negative mutations?

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Negative mutations are mutations that change the resulting protein in a way that harms the organism.

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What are neutral mutations?

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Neutral mutations are mutations that do not affect the function of the resulting protein, often producing the same protein as before.

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What is the role of codons in protein synthesis?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids, guiding the assembly of proteins during translation.