Understanding the Central Dogma

Front

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Back

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is rRNA and its role in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) forms the core structure of ribosomes and catalyzes the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically on ribosomes.

Front

What happens if a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence?

Back

A mutation can alter the mRNA sequence, potentially changing the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome facilitates the binding of tRNA to mRNA and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.